Q.850 cause codes
A Q.850 cause value is the reason a call ended, reported as a number between 1 and 127. Find yours below, or search for it directly — including in the forms your phone system prints it, such as "cause 34" or "hangup cause 17".
Normal class
- Q.850 cause 16Normal call clearingNot a fault. Cause 16 means somebody hung up — it is the normal ending for a successful…
- Q.850 cause 17User busyThe person you called cannot take another call on that device. It is a working response, not a…
- Q.850 cause 1Unallocated (unassigned) numberThe number you dialled is correctly formed but is not live on any exchange, so there is nothing…
- Q.850 cause 19No answer from user (user alerted)The phone rang and nobody picked it up. Cause 19 is not a fault — it is the…
- Q.850 cause 28Invalid number format (address incomplete)The digits the system actually sent do not form a dialable number — too few, wrongly prefixed, or…
- Q.850 cause 21Call rejectedSomething deliberately refused the call. The far end was neither busy nor incompatible; it could have accepted and…
- Q.850 cause 31Normal, unspecifiedThe catch-all for the normal class: the event was ordinary, but the equipment had nothing more specific to…
- Q.850 cause 18No user respondingNothing came back from the far end at all — no ringing, no answer, just silence until a…
- Q.850 cause 27Destination out of orderThe far end could not be signalled at all because its interface is down — a PBX offline,…
- Q.850 cause 22Number changedThe number was in service and is not any more — the network knows it changed rather than…
- Q.850 cause 3No route to destinationThe network handling your call has no path to that destination at all. Common on international, premium and…
- Q.850 cause 20Subscriber absentThe person you called is not reachable anywhere right now — typically a mobile that is switched off,…
- Q.850 cause 23Redirection to new destinationNot a failure. An exchange in the path has decided the call should go to a different number…
- Q.850 cause 26Non-selected user clearingYou were one of several destinations offered the call and somebody else answered first. That is all cause…
- Q.850 cause 29Facility rejectedA supplementary service was requested and the network refused to provide it. The call itself may be fine;…
- Q.850 cause 2No route to specified transit network (national use)Your call carried a request to route via a particular transit carrier, and the switch handling it does…
- Q.850 cause 6Channel unacceptableA TDM signalling cause: the B-channel one end proposed for the call is not acceptable to the other.…
- Q.850 cause 30Response to STATUS ENQUIRYHousekeeping, not a call failure. One side asked the other for the state of a call using a…
Resource unavailable class
- Q.850 cause 34No circuit/channel availableThere was no free circuit to carry the call. On a SIP trunk that normally means every contracted…
- Q.850 cause 41Temporary failureA transient network fault stopped this call, and Q.850 is explicit that it is not expected to last:…
- Q.850 cause 38Network out of orderSomething in the network path is broken, and Q.850 says the condition is expected to last a while,…
- Q.850 cause 42Switching equipment congestionThe switch handling your call was under heavy load and shed the call rather than degrade every call…
- Q.850 cause 47Resource unavailable, unspecifiedA resource somewhere ran out and the equipment could not say which one. Q.850 permits cause 47 only…
- Q.850 cause 44Requested circuit/channel not availableThe far end rejected the particular circuit your equipment chose, not the call itself. RFC 3398 treats cause…
Service or option unavailable class
- Q.850 cause 50Requested facility not subscribedThe feature the call asked for exists on the equipment, but this line is not signed up to…
- Q.850 cause 63Service or option not available, unspecifiedA service or option the call needed was not available, and the equipment could not narrow it down.…
- Q.850 cause 58Bearer capability not presently availableEverything about this call was permitted; the resource needed to carry it simply was not free at that…
- Q.850 cause 57Bearer capability not authorizedThe call asked for a type of connection, called a bearer capability, that the equipment supports but this…
- Q.850 cause 55Incoming calls barred within CUGA Closed User Group is an ISDN-era private calling community, and cause 55 says the called line does…
Service or option not implemented class
- Q.850 cause 65Bearer capability not implementedThe far end does not support the type of connection the call asked for at all. This is…
- Q.850 cause 79Service or option not implemented, unspecifiedThe equipment was asked for something it simply does not implement, and could not name which capability. Cause…
- Q.850 cause 70Only restricted digital information bearer capability is availableThe call asked for a clear 64 kbit/s digital path and the equipment can only offer the restricted…
Invalid message class
- Q.850 cause 88Incompatible destinationThe destination was reached but could not accept the kind of call being offered, because compatibility details such…
- Q.850 cause 87User not member of CUGCause 87 says the two parties are not in the same Closed User Group: either the called line…
Protocol error class
- Q.850 cause 102Recovery on timer expiryA timer ran out waiting for a reply that never came, so the equipment cleared the call to…
- Q.850 cause 111Protocol error, unspecifiedThe signalling itself was wrong in a way the equipment could not classify. As the protocol-error catch-all, cause…
- Q.850 cause 103Parameter non-existent or not implemented – passed onThis is a diagnostic note more than a call failure. Signalling contained a parameter the equipment did not…
Interworking class
Every other Q.850 cause value
These are the remaining cause values in Q.850. Most are seen only inside a carrier network or concern a gateway's own circuit handling rather than anything you can act on, so we have not written them up — but the specification defines each one, so its official definition is reproduced here in full.
| Code | Official name | What the specification says | Defined in |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q.850 cause 4 | Send special information tone | This cause indicates that the called party cannot be reached for reasons that are of a long-term nature and that the special information tone should be returned to the calling party. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.4 |
| Q.850 cause 5 | Misdialled trunk prefix (national use) | This cause indicates the erroneous inclusion of a trunk prefix in the called party number. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.5 |
| Q.850 cause 7 | Call awarded and being delivered in an established channel | This cause indicates that the user has been awarded the incoming call, and that the incoming call is being connected to a channel already established to that user for similar calls (e.g., packet-mode ITU-T X.25 virtual calls). | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.7 |
| Q.850 cause 8 | Pre-emption | This cause indicates that the call is being pre-empted. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.8 |
| Q.850 cause 9 | Pre-emption – circuit reserved for reuse | This cause indicates that the call is being pre-empted and the circuit is reserved for reuse by the pre-empting exchange. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.9 |
| Q.850 cause 13 | Call completed elsewhere | When the S-CSCF has forked an initial INVITE request, and it has received a 2xx response associated with one of the early dialogues, the S-CSCF shall in each CANCEL request it generates insert a Reason header field with a "SIP" protocol header field parameter value, a "200" cause header field parameter value, and a "Call completed elsewhere" text header field parameter value, as specified in [RFC 3326]. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.10 |
| Q.850 cause 25 | Exchange – routing error | This cause indicates that the destination indicated by the user cannot be reached, because an intermediate exchange has released the call due to reaching a limit in executing the hop counter procedure. This cause is generated by an intermediate node, which when decrementing the hop counter value, gives the result 0. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.1.19 |
| Q.850 cause 39 | Permanent frame mode connection out of service | This cause is included in a STATUS message to indicate that a permanently established frame mode connection is out of service (e.g., due to equipment or section failure) (see Annex A of [ITU-T Q.933]). | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.2.3 |
| Q.850 cause 40 | Permanent frame mode connection operational | This cause is included in a STATUS message to indicate that a permanently established frame mode connection is operational and capable of carrying user information (see Annex A of [ITU-T Q.933]). | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.2.4 |
| Q.850 cause 43 | Access information discarded | This cause indicates that the network could not deliver access information to the remote user as requested, i.e., user-to-user information, low layer compatibility, high layer compatibility, or sub-address, as indicated in the diagnostic. It is noted that the particular type of access information discarded is optionally included in the diagnostic. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.2.7 |
| Q.850 cause 46 | Precedence call blocked | This cause indicates that there are no pre-emptable circuits or that the called user is busy with a call of equal or higher pre-emptable level. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.2.9 |
| Q.850 cause 49 | Quality of service not available | This cause is used to report that the requested Quality of service, as defined in [ITU-T X.213], cannot be provided (e.g., throughput or transit delay cannot be supported). | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.3.1 |
| Q.850 cause 53 | Outgoing calls barred within CUG | This cause indicates that although the calling party is a member of the CUG for the outgoing CUG call, outgoing calls are not allowed for this member of the CUG. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.3.3 |
| Q.850 cause 62 | Inconsistency in designated outgoing access information and | subscriber class This cause indicates that there is an inconsistency in the designated outgoing access information and subscriber class. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.3.7 |
| Q.850 cause 66 | Channel type not implemented | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support the channel type requested. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.4.2 |
| Q.850 cause 69 | Requested facility not implemented | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause does not support the requested supplementary service. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.4.3 |
| Q.850 cause 81 | Invalid call reference value | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a call reference which is not currently in use on the user-network interface. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.1 |
| Q.850 cause 82 | Identified channel does not exist | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a request to use a channel not activated on the interface for a call. For example, if a user has subscribed to those channels on a primary rate interface numbered from 1 to 12 and the user equipment or the network attempts to use channels 13 to 23, this cause is generated. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.2 |
| Q.850 cause 83 | A suspended call exists, but this call identity does not | This cause indicates that a call resume has been attempted with a call identity which differs from that in use for any presently suspended call(s). | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.3 |
| Q.850 cause 84 | Call identity in use | This cause indicates that the network has received a call suspended request containing a call identity (including the null call identity) which is already in use for a suspended call within the domain of interfaces over which the call might be resumed. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.4 |
| Q.850 cause 85 | No call suspended | This cause indicates that the network has received a call resume request containing a call identity information element which presently does not indicate any suspended call within the domain of interfaces over which calls may be resumed. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.5 |
| Q.850 cause 86 | Call with the requested call identity has been cleared | This cause indicates that the network has received a call resume request containing a call identity information element indicating a suspended call that has in the meantime been cleared while suspended (either by network timeout or by the remote user). | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.6 |
| Q.850 cause 90 | Non-existent CUG | This cause indicates that the specified CUG does not exist. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.9 |
| Q.850 cause 91 | Invalid transit network selection (national use) | This cause indicates that a transit network identification was received which is of an incorrect format as defined in Annex C of [ITU-T Q.931]. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.10 |
| Q.850 cause 95 | Invalid message, unspecified | This cause is used to report an invalid message event only when no other cause in the invalid message class applies. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.5.11 |
| Q.850 cause 96 | Mandatory information element is missing | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message which is missing an information element which must be present in the message before that message can be processed. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.1 |
| Q.850 cause 97 | Message type non-existent or not implemented | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message with a message type it does not recognize either because this is a message not defined or defined but not implemented by the equipment sending this cause. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.2 |
| Q.850 cause 98 | Message not compatible with call state or message type non-existent | or not implemented This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message so that the procedures do not indicate that this is a permissible message to receive while in the call state, or a STATUS message was received indicating an incompatible call state. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.3 |
| Q.850 cause 99 | Information element/parameter non-existent or not implemented | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received a message which includes information element(s)/parameter(s) not recognized because the information element identifier(s)/parameter name(s) is not defined or defined but not implemented by the equipment sending the cause. This cause indicates that the information element(s)/parameter(s) has been discarded. However, the information element is not required to be present in the message in order for the equipment sending the cause to process the message. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.4 |
| Q.850 cause 100 | Invalid information element contents | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has received an information element which it has implemented; however, one or more fields in the information element are coded in such a way which has not been implemented by the equipment sending this cause. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.5 |
| Q.850 cause 101 | Message not compatible with call state | This cause indicates that a message has been received which is incompatible with the call state. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.6 |
| Q.850 cause 110 | Message with unrecognized parameter discarded | This cause indicates that the equipment sending this cause has discarded a received message which includes a parameter that is not recognized. | ITU-T Q.850 section 6.2.7.6.9 |
Source. Cause values, official names and definitions are taken from ITU-T Recommendation Q.850 (10/2018). The SIP response each cause maps to is from RFC 3398 section 7.2.4.1, which publishes a recommended mapping for some causes but not all; where no mapping is published we say so rather than infer one. Causes and fixes are our own, from supporting UK business phone systems.
Troubleshooting guides
This page explains the code. These guides walk through the fix in detail.